Data on overall dietary pattern and osteoporotic fracture risk from population-based cohorts are limited, especially from Asian populations. This study examined the relation between overall diet and hip fracture risk by using principal components analysis (PCA) to identify dietary pattern specific to the study population and by using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010 to assess dietary quality. The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a prospective population-based cohort that...

Background: Various intentional and unintentional factors in?uence beliefs beyond what scienti?c evidence justi?es. Two such factors are research lacking probative value (RLPV) and biased research reporting (BRR). Objective: We investigated the prevalence of RLPV and BRR in research about the proposition that skipping breakfast causes weight gain, which is called the proposed effect of breakfast on obesity (PEBO) in this article. Design: Studies related to the PEBO were synthesized...

Background: The relation between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and body weight remains controversial. Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence in children and adults. Design: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through March 2013 for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the SSB-weight relation. Separate meta-analyses were conducted in children and adults and for cohorts and...

Background: Associations of sitting-time and physical activity with depression are unclear. Purpose: To examine concurrent and prospective associations between both sitting-time and physical activity with prevalent depressive symptoms in mid-aged Australian women. Methods: Data were from 8950 women, aged 50–55 years in 2001, who completed mail surveys in 2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression questionnaire....

Dr. James Hébert, Professor of Epidemiology from the University of South Carolina in Columbia, SC, discusses his article appearing in the June 2013 issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, which clarifies the definition of obesity and the measurement of risk factors in an attempt to develop study designs appropriate to treat the alarming obesity pandemic. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/dylndrt

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests that fruit consumption may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases through blood pressure (BP)–lowering effects; little is known on the independent effect of raw fruit and fruit juice on BP. Objective: The objective was to quantify associations of raw fruit and fruit juice consumption with BP by using cross-sectional data from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP) of 4680 men and women aged...

ABSTRACT Background: To our knowledge, there are no previous reports that assessed the association between dietary patterns and risk of dementia in Asian populations. Objective: We investigated dietary patterns and their potential association with risk of incident dementia in a general Japanese population. Design: A total of 1006 community-dwelling Japanese subjects without dementia, aged 60–79 y, were followed up for a median of 15 y. The reduced rank regression procedure was used to...

Background: Diet has been suggested to be a potential risk factor for vasomotor menopausal symptoms (VMS), i.e. hot flushes and night sweats. Objective: We investigated the associations between dietary patterns and risk of VMS using data from mid-aged women born between 1946 and 1951 in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Design: A prospective cohort study of 6,040 women with a natural menopause, who were followed up at three-year intervals over nine years. Dietary...

Background: Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are common, chronic diseases worldwide. Epidemiologic and biologic evidence suggests periodontal disease may affect diabetes. Objective: To systematically review non-experimental, epidemiologic evidence for effects of periodontal disease on diabetes control, complications, and incidence. Data sources: Electronic bibliographic databases, supplemented by hand searches of recent and future issues of relevant journals. Study eligibility...

Aim: The aim of this systemic review was to evaluate epidemiologic data on the association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, namely preterm delivery, low birth weight / small for gestational age, preeclampsia and combinations of preterm and low birth weight. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Registers were searched up to and including May 2012, supplemented by a broad hand search of relevant journals and online early peer-reviewed papers....