Public Reactions to Obesity-Related Health Campaigns A Randomized Controlled Trial

submitted by: AdamChiara
Background: Despite numerous obesity-related health campaigns throughout the U.S., public perceptions of these campaigns have not been formally assessed. In addition, several recent publicized campaigns have come under criticism in the popular media for reinforcing stigmatization of obese people. Thus, research in this area is warranted. Purpose: To systematically assess public perceptions of recent obesity-related public health campaigns in the U.S. Design: RCT. Setting/participants:...
Authors: Joerg Luedicke, MS, Jamie Lee Peterson, MA, Rebecca Puhl, PhD

Effectiveness of Taxicab Security Equipment in Reducing Driver Homicide Rates

submitted by: NIOSHcomm
Background: Taxicab drivers historically have had one of the highest work-related homicide rates of any occupation. In 2010 the taxicab driver homicide rate was 7.4 per 100,000 drivers, compared to the overall rate of 0.37 per 100,000 workers. Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of taxicab security cameras and partitions on citywide taxicab driver homicide rates. Methods: Taxicab driver homicide rates were compared in 26 major cities in the U.S. licensing taxicabs with security...
Authors: Cammie Menendez, Harlan Amandus, Parisa Damadi, Nan Wu, Srinivas Konda, Scott Hendricks

A Whole-Grain–Rich Diet Reduces Urinary Excretion of Markers of Protein Catabolism and Gut Microbiota Metabolism in Healthy Men after One Week

submitted by: Alastair Ross
Epidemiological studies consistently find that diets rich in whole-grain (WG) cereals lead to decreased risk of disease compared with refined grain (RG)-based diets. Aside from a greater amount of fiber and micronutrients, possible mechanisms for why WGs may be beneficial for health remain speculative. In an exploratory, randomized, researcherblinded, crossover trial, we measured metabolic profile differences between healthy participants eating a diet based on WGs compared with a diet...
Authors: Alastair Ross, Emma Pere-Trépat, Ivan Montoliu, Francois-Pierre Martin, Sebastiano Collino, Sofia Moco, Jean-Philippe Godin, Marilyn Cléroux, Philippe Guy, Isabelle Breton, Rodrigo Bibiloni, Anita Thorimbert, Isabelle Tavazzi, Lionel Tornier, Aude Bebuis, Stephen Bruce, Maurice Beaumont, Laurent-Bernard Fay, Sunil Kochhar

DNA methylation potential: dietary intake and blood concentrations of one-carbon metabolites and cofactors in rural African women

submitted by: enphpdom
Background: Animal models show that periconceptional supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B-12, choline, and betaine can induce differences in offspring phenotype mediated by epigenetic changes in DNA. In humans, altered DNA methylation patterns have been observed in offspring whose mothers were exposed to famine or who conceived in the Gambian rainy season. Objective: The objective was to understand the seasonality of DNA methylation patterns in rural Gambian women. We studied natural...
Authors: P Dominguez-Salas, AM Prentice