Background: Observational and experimental studies suggest that diets rich in cruciferous vegetables and glucosinolates may reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: We tested the hypothesis that a 12-wk dietary intervention with high-glucoraphanin (HG) broccoli would modify biomarkers of CVD risk and plasma metabolite profiles to a greater extent than interventions with standard broccoli or peas. Design: Subjects were randomly assigned to consume 400 g...

Download from iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/diet-exercise-advice-to-reduce/id43... . Karen Basen-Engquist, Ph.D., professor in Behavioral Science and director of Energy Balance, works with patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center to change behaviors based on nutrition and physical activity. Basen-Engquist’s goal is to find the best psychological and social interventions to alter unhealthy behaviors that increase cancer risk. Listen to Basen-Engquist describe her research and...

Recent attention has focused on the significance of colonic Archaea in human health and energy metabolism. The main objectives of this study were to determine the associations among the number of fecal Archaea, body mass index (BMI), fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and dietary intakes of healthy humans. We collected demographic information, 3-d diet records, and breath and fecal samples from 95 healthy participants who were divided into 2 groups: detectable Archaea...

BACKGROUND Drinking water is often applied as a dietary means for weight loss and overweight/obesity prevention, but no evidence-based recommendation exists for this indication. OBJECTIVE We summarized the existing evidence on the association between water consumption and body weight outcomes in adults of any body weight status. DESIGN In a systematic review, we retrieved studies from 4 electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and COCHRANE), cross-references by PubMed functions...

ABSTRACT Background: Higher-protein weight-loss diets (defined as >25% of energy as protein) are not recommended for individuals with type 2 diabetes because of their potential adverse effect on renal function. Objective: We aimed to examine the effect of such diets on renal function over 12 mo in people with type 2 diabetes and early renal disease. Design: Overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes were screened to identify those with an albumin:creatinine ratio from 3 to...

r. Chip Lavie, Professor of Medicine in the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, in New Orleans, LA, discusses his article appearing in the June 2013 issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, which demonstrates reduction in cardiovascular disease risks and health care costs when health and wellness programs are promoted in the work setting, reaping great benefits for employers....

Dr. James Hébert, Professor of Epidemiology from the University of South Carolina in Columbia, SC, discusses his article appearing in the June 2013 issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, which clarifies the definition of obesity and the measurement of risk factors in an attempt to develop study designs appropriate to treat the alarming obesity pandemic. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/dylndrt

Dr. Michael Joyner, an Anesthesiologist and Physiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, discusses his article appearing in the June 2013 issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, where he proposes the implementation of sin taxes on smoking, alcohol, fat, and sugar as an effective means to reduce health care costs and combat obesity. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/d4cjgkr

Background: Despite numerous obesity-related health campaigns throughout the U.S., public perceptions of these campaigns have not been formally assessed. In addition, several recent publicized campaigns have come under criticism in the popular media for reinforcing stigmatization of obese people. Thus, research in this area is warranted. Purpose: To systematically assess public perceptions of recent obesity-related public health campaigns in the U.S. Design: RCT. Setting/participants:...

Context: Latinos are the largest and fastest-growing ethnically diverse group in the U.S.; they are also the most overweight. Mexico is now second to the U.S. in experiencing the worst epidemic of obesity in the world. Objectives of this study were to (1) conduct a systematic review of obesity- relatedinterventionstargetingLatinoslivingintheU.S.andLatinAmericaand(2)developevidence- based recommendations to inform culturally relevant strategies targeting obesity. Evidence acquisition:...