The rapid developments in molecular sciences like nanotechnology, self-organizing molecular systems and biomaterials generate a wealth of new...
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The rapid developments in molecular sciences like nanotechnology, self-organizing molecular systems and biomaterials generate a wealth of new materials and functions. In comparison to electronics and medical sciences, the application of these new materials in architecture and civil engineering remains somewhat underexposed. It is our opinion that new functionalities in optics, responsive mechanics, sensing and adjustable permeation for gases and water might add to new opportunities in providing for personal comfort, energy control and energy generation in houses and professional buildings. With a number of examples we will demonstrate how complex but well-controlled molecular architectures will provide functionalities worthwhile of being integrated in architectural designs. We will show how optical coatings will be capable of switching colors or reflectivity, creating possibilities for design but also for the control of thermal transmission through windows or walls. The materials may respond to temperature, light intensity, or both. Selectively-reflective thin polymer layers or paint pigments can be designed to switch from infrared to visible regions of the solar spectrum, or vice versa. Surface coatings can be designed to change their topology and thereby their appearance, of interest for in-house light management, or just for aesthetic appeal. In addition, plastic materials can be imbued with the property of autonomous sun tracking and provided morphing behavior upon contact with moisture or exposure to light.