Whole-grain and high fiber intakes are routinely recommended for prevention of vascular diseases; however, there are no comprehensive and quantitative assessments of available data in humans. The aim of this study was to systematically examine longitudinal studies investigating whole-grain and fiber intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), weight gain, and metabolic risk factors. We identified 45 prospective cohort studies and 21...

Over the last several years, national programs to lower the content of industrially produced (IP) C18:1 and C18:2 trans fatty acids in foods have been implemented, but whether this has resulted in lower blood trans fatty acid levels is unknown. Likewise, an increased perception of the health benefits of fish oils rich in EPA and DHA may have resulted in an increase in consumption and blood levels of these fatty acids. To explore these issues, we analyzed the changes in RBC fatty acid...

ABSTRACT Background: Replacing SFAs with vegetable PUFAs has cardiometabolic benefits, but the effects on liver fat are unknown. Increased dietary n-6 PUFAs have, however, also been proposed to promote inflammation—a yet unproven theory. Objective: We investigated the effects of PUFAs on liver fat, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Design: We randomly assigned 67 abdominally obese subjects (15% had type 2 diabetes) to a 10-wk isocaloric diet high in vegetable n-6...

Protein secretion is executed by a cellular pathway involving the delivery of membrane and soluble secretory proteins in vesicles that capture newly-synthesized proteins assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and sorted in the Golgi apparatus. Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane resulting in the discharge of soluble molecules to the cell exterior and integration of vesicle membrane proteins and lipids in the cell surface. Baker's yeast cells grow by vesicle fusion and secretion at...