IOVS

Hemianopic and Quadrantanopic Field Loss, Eye and Head Movements, and Driving

jowood — Thu, 10 Mar 2011 08:27:54 -0800

Purpose: To compare eye and head movements, lane keeping and vehicle control of drivers with hemianopic and quadrantanopic field defects with controls, and to identify differences in these parameters between hemianopic and quadrantanopic drivers rated safe to drive by a clinical driving rehabilitation specialist (CDRS) compared to those rated as unsafe.

IOVS

Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Molecular Link between Oxidative Damage, Tissue- Specific Inflammation and Outer Retinal Disease (The Proctor Lecture)

arvojenny — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 07:47:19 -0800

N/A

IOVS

Synaptic Organization of the Vertebrate Retina: General Principles and Species-Specific Variations (The Friedenwald Lecture)

arvojenny — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 07:37:41 -0800

Synaptic organization of the vertebrate retina follows a number of general, cross-species principles. Here we summarize several of these general principles and describe how they are used to process visual information in cold-blooded and mammalian vertebrates. Species-specific variations in retinal synaptic organization are also discussed, with special focus on the mammalian-specific AII amacrine cell system.

IOVS

Deactivation Mechanisms of Rod Phototransduction (The Cogan Lecture)

arvojenny — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 07:27:53 -0800

The absorption of photons in rods and cones of the retina activate homologous biochemical signaling cascades that lead to the electrical changes that subserve the first steps in vision. Persistent activity of the cascade interferes with the ability of the photoreceptor to signal the absorption of subsequent photons, ultimately limiting the photoreceptor’s sensitivity and temporal resolution.

IOVS

Cell Communication Mechanisms in the Vertebrate Retina (The Proctor Lecture)

arvojenny — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 07:07:32 -0800

The vertebrate retina has a unique position within the panoply of the nervous system
networks: our understanding of its complex circuitry of interacting neurons and glia has become
the gold standard of our current knowledge of network operations. This presentation is about
work from my laboratory that contributed to some of the concepts that support our
contemporary views of the functional retina. Early in the pursuit of retinal function, a vital issue
was that of understanding the synaptic mechanisms and neurotransmitters required for

IOVS

Through The Eyes of a Child: Understanding Retinopathy through ROP (The Friedenwald Lecture)

arvojenny — Thu, 20 Jan 2011 12:51:23 -0800

Retinopathy is a common cause of blindness in all age groups. There are 15 million people in the United States with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)—20% of those aged 65 to 74 years and 30% aged 74 years—and 1.6 million of those have neovascular (wet) AMD. In the working age population there are 20 million (7% of the population) with diabetes, and 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus have diabetic retinopathy (DR) after 25 years. In children, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of vision loss.

IOVS

Ocular Torsion Reveals the Mechanisms of Cyclovertical Strabismus (The Weisenfeld Lecture)

arvojenny — Tue, 18 Jan 2011 13:31:18 -0800

From this investigation, we believe that a basic three-level feedback control system exists for the maintenance of ocular alignment. Central to this theory is our hypothesis that extraocular muscle lengths are primarily regulated by vergence stimulation, as opposed to version stimulation.

IOVS

Homeostatic Regulation of Photoreceptor Cell Integrity: Significance of the Potent Mediator Neuroprotectin D1 Biosynthesized from Docosahexaenoic Acid (The Proctor Lecture)

arvojenny — Tue, 18 Jan 2011 13:17:25 -0800

Vision is sustained by a unique and beautiful relationship—that between photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. From the harmony of this cellular relationship emerges the life-long survival of the photoreceptor cell, despite the fact that the part of the eye where these cells interact is continuously exposed to potentially damaging factors. This relationship is one of the best examples of homeostasis in action as conceptualized for other cells and organs in 1932 by the physiologist Walter B. Cannon in The Wisdom of the Body (New York: W. W. Norton, 1932).

IOVS

The Ocular Surface: The Challenge to Enable and Protect Vision (The Friedenwald Lecture)

arvojenny — Tue, 18 Jan 2011 12:58:55 -0800

The surface of the eye is an extraordinary and vital component of vision. The smooth, wet surface of the cornea is the major refractive surface of the visual system, which, along with corneal transparency, enables light to proceed through the lens and onto the retina for photoreceptor activation. The presence of the smooth, wet refractive ocular surface required for vision comes, however, at a cost. Unlike all other wetsurfaced epithelia of the body, the ocular surface is directly exposed to the outside world where it is especially subject to desiccation, injury, and pathogens.

IOVS

Cellular and Functional Optical Coherence Tomography of the Human Retina (The Cogan Lecture)

arvojenny — Tue, 18 Jan 2011 12:24:30 -0800

An imaging modality that allows for fast, simultaneous, noninvasive probing of both three-dimensional (3D) cellular resolution retinal morphology and depth-resolved function could substantially improve the early diagnosis of various retinal diseases that are the leading causes of blindness worldwide and could contribute to a better understanding of retinal pathogenesis and enhanced therapy monitoring.

IOVS